interrogare la colonna binaria usando come nel server sql

Non convertirlo, ma consideralo come un intervallo (come faresti con i valori datetime)

DECLARE @foo TABLE (TestData varbinary(100) NOT NULL);
INSERT @foo (TestData) VALUES
         (0x0001DC780C0030373156635D0C00B8840301009A0600AC),
         (0x0001AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA),
         (0x0001AFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF),
         (0x0301DC780C0030373156385D0C006499C401009A0600AC),
         (0x0301FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF),
         (0x0302000000000000000000000000000000000000000000);

SELECT *
FROM @foo
WHERE TestData >= 0x0001 AND TestData < 0x0002;

-- added more digit for clarity of what actually happens
SELECT *
FROM @foo
WHERE TestData >= 0x00010000 AND TestData < 0x00020000;

SELECT *
FROM @foo
WHERE TestData >= 0x0001AA AND TestData < 0x0001AB;

SELECT *
FROM @foo
WHERE TestData >= 0x0301 AND TestData < 0x0302;

Questo ha il vantaggio di poter utilizzare un indice su TestData

Modifica, devi solo specificare tutte le cifre di cui hai bisogno