Non usare UPDATE, usa un BEFORE
trigger e assegna il nuovo valore:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION vat_total_sum() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
BEGIN
new.vat_total_sum := NEW.vat_sum / 100 * NEW.vat_percent;
RETURN NEW;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
CREATE TRIGGER vat_total_sum
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON goods
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE vat_total_sum();