Ok, dopo alcuni tentativi ed errori e un po' di aiuto da @Rizier123, ecco la risposta:
html nella pagina del modulo
Per motivi di chiarezza, stavo cercando di capire come aggiungere diversi array di dati al mio db. Quindi, nella pagina del modulo dinamico, ho input simili a:
<p>Location: <input type='text' name='location[]' > </p>
Elaborazione del modulo e immissione dei dati nel DB
Innanzitutto, sono passato da mysqli a PDO, quindi ho eseguito con il seguente codice:
try {
$sql = "INSERT INTO location_info (`department`, `participant`, `activity`, `location`, `rec_injuries`, `rec_injuries_timeframe`, `non_rec_injuries`, `non_rec_injuries_timeframe`, `competitor`, `cost_per_pair`, `usage_rate`, `leakage`, `cost_of_productivity`, `non_rec_impact`, `non_rec_sprain`, `non_rec_puncture`, `non_rec_dermatitis`, `non_rec_infection`, `non_rec_burns`, `non_rec_cuts`, `rec_impact`, `rec_sprain`, `rec_puncture`, `rec_dermatitis`, `rec_infection`, `rec_burns`, `rec_cuts`, `condition`, `general_id`)
VALUES (:department, :participant, :activity, :location, :rec_injuries, :rec_injuries_timeframe, :non_rec_injuries, :non_rec_injuries_timeframe, :competitor, :cost_per_pair, :usage_rate, :leakage, :cost_of_productivity,:non_rec_impact, :non_rec_sprain, :non_rec_puncture, :non_rec_dermatitis, :non_rec_infection, :non_rec_burns, :non_rec_cuts, :rec_impact, :rec_sprain, :rec_puncture, :rec_dermatitis, :rec_infection, :rec_burns, :rec_cuts, :condition, '{$id}')";
$stmt = $db->prepare($sql);
for($i = 0, $l = count($_POST["department_name"]); $i < $l; $i++) {
$loc_info = array(':department' => $_POST["department_name"][$i],
':participant' => $_POST["participant_name"][$i],
':activity' => $_POST["activity"][$i],
':location' => $_POST["location"][$i],
':rec_injuries' => $_POST["injuries"][$i],
':rec_injuries_timeframe' => $_POST["injury_time_frame"][$i],
':non_rec_injuries' => $_POST["non_rec_injuries"][$i],
':non_rec_injuries_timeframe' => $_POST["non_rec_injury_timeframe"][$i],
':competitor' => $_POST["competitor"][$i],
':cost_per_pair' => $_POST["cost_per_pair"][$i],
':usage_rate' => $_POST["usage_rate"][$i],
':leakage' => $_POST["leakage"][$i],
':cost_of_productivity' => $_POST["cost_of_productivity"][$i],
':non_rec_impact' => $_POST["non_rec_impact"][$i],
':non_rec_sprain' => $_POST["non_rec_sprain"][$i],
':non_rec_puncture' => $_POST["non_rec_puncture"][$i],
':non_rec_dermatitis' => $_POST["non_rec_dermatitis"][$i],
':non_rec_infection' => $_POST["non_rec_infection"][$i],
':non_rec_burns' => $_POST["non_rec_burns"][$i],
':non_rec_cuts' => $_POST["non_rec_cuts"][$i],
':rec_impact' => $_POST["impact"][$i],
':rec_sprain' => $_POST["sprain"][$i],
':rec_puncture' => $_POST["puncture"][$i],
':rec_dermatitis' => $_POST["dermatitis"][$i],
':rec_infection' => $_POST["infection"][$i],
':rec_burns' => $_POST["burns"][$i],
':rec_cuts' => $_POST["cuts"][$i],
':condition' => $_POST["condition"][$i] );
$stmt->execute($loc_info);
}