Problemi con la combinazione di HAVING con WHERE su una QUERY molto semplice

Non ho alcun background PostgreSQL ma vediamo se funziona:

Vorrei iniziare semplificando, scrivendo una query che prima restituisce il punteggio totale per giocatore:

SELECT player_id, SUM(score) score
FROM (
  SELECT first_player as player_id, first_score as score
  FROM matches
  UNION ALL
  SELECT second_player, second_score
  FROM matches
)
GROUP BY player_id

Ora, unisciti a quel set di dati ai giocatori per trovare i gruppi:

SELECT w.player_id, p.group_id, w.score
FROM
(
  SELECT player_id, SUM(score) score
  FROM (
    SELECT first_player as player_id, first_score as score
    FROM matches
    UNION ALL
    SELECT second_player, second_score
    FROM matches
  )
  GROUP BY player_id
) as w
inner join players p
on p.player_id = w.player_id

Ora abbiamo tutti i giocatori, il loro punteggio totale e il loro gruppo. Vogliamo identificare il vincitore per gruppo? Possiamo utilizzare la classifica funzioni per farlo:

SELECT 
w.player_id, 
p.group_id, 
w.score, 
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY p.group_id ORDER BY score DESC) as group_placement
FROM
(
  SELECT player_id, SUM(score) score
  FROM (
    SELECT first_player as player_id, first_score as score
    FROM matches
    UNION ALL
    SELECT second_player, second_score
    FROM matches
  )
  GROUP BY player_id
) as w
inner join players p
on p.player_id = w.player_id

Ora scegliamo solo i primi in ogni gruppo (rank =1) usando WHERE

  SELECT 
  player_id, 
  group_id
  FROM
  (
      SELECT 
      w.player_id, 
      p.group_id, 
      w.score, 
      RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY p.group_id ORDER BY score DESC) as group_placement
      FROM
      (
        SELECT player_id, SUM(score) score
        FROM (
          SELECT first_player as player_id, first_score as score
          FROM matches
          UNION ALL
          SELECT second_player, second_score
          FROM matches
        )
        GROUP BY player_id
      ) as w
      inner join players p
      on p.player_id = w.player_id
    ) as gp
    WHERE group_placement = 1

Sembra complicato? sì, ma puoi vedere che il risultato finale viene fornito a poco a poco. Ogni passaggio di questo è una "sottotabella" e puoi eseguire e osservare i dati in ogni punto.