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La tabella pivot restituisce solo 1 riga

Primo:hai avuto due attributi per lo stesso product_id =1, cambia la tabella product_attributes in questo modo -

INSERT INTO `product_attributes` (`product_id`,`type`,`value`) VALUES
  (1,1,'blue'),
  (1,2,'shirt'),
  (2,1,'green'),
  (2,2,'pants');

Quindi prova questo -

SET @sql = NULL;
SELECT
  GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT
    CONCAT(
      'MAX(IF(pat.name = ''', name, ''', pa.value, NULL)) AS ', name
    )
  ) INTO @sql
FROM product_attribute_types;

SET @sql = CONCAT('SELECT pa.product_id, ', @sql, ' FROM product_attributes pa INNER JOIN product_attribute_types pat ON pa.type = pat.id GROUP BY pa.product_id');

PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

Risultato:

+------------+-------+-------+
| product_id | color | name  |
+------------+-------+-------+
|          1 | blue  | shirt |
|          2 | green | pants |
+------------+-------+-------+

Aggiungi il filtro DOVE se necessario.