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Come posso limitare il numero di righe per valore di campo in SQL?

Sfortunatamente mysql non ha le funzioni analitiche. Quindi devi giocare con le variabili.Supponendo che tu abbia un campo di autoincremento:

mysql> create table mytab (
    -> id int not null auto_increment primary key,
    -> first_column int,
    -> second_column int
    -> ) engine = myisam;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> insert into mytab (first_column,second_column)
    -> values
    -> (1,1),(1,4),(2,10),(3,4),(1,4),(2,5),(1,6);
Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 7  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from mytab order by id;
+----+--------------+---------------+
| id | first_column | second_column |
+----+--------------+---------------+
|  1 |            1 |             1 |
|  2 |            1 |             4 |
|  3 |            2 |            10 |
|  4 |            3 |             4 |
|  5 |            1 |             4 |
|  6 |            2 |             5 |
|  7 |            1 |             6 |
+----+--------------+---------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select
    -> id,
    -> first_column,
    -> second_column,
    -> row_num
    -> from (
    -> select *,
    -> @num := if(@first_column = first_column, @num:= @num + 1, 1) as row_num,
    -> @first_column:=first_column as c
    -> from mytab order by first_column,id) as t,(select @first_column:='',@num:
=0) as r;
+----+--------------+---------------+---------+
| id | first_column | second_column | row_num |
+----+--------------+---------------+---------+
|  1 |            1 |             1 |       1 |
|  2 |            1 |             4 |       2 |
|  5 |            1 |             4 |       3 |
|  7 |            1 |             6 |       4 |
|  3 |            2 |            10 |       1 |
|  6 |            2 |             5 |       2 |
|  4 |            3 |             4 |       1 |
+----+--------------+---------------+---------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select
    -> id,
    -> first_column,
    -> second_column,
    -> row_num
    -> from (
    -> select *,
    -> @num := if(@first_column = first_column, @num:= @num + 1, 1) as row_num,
    -> @first_column:=first_column as c
    -> from mytab order by first_column,id) as t,(select @first_column:='',@num:
=0) as r
    -> having row_num<=2;
+----+--------------+---------------+---------+
| id | first_column | second_column | row_num |
+----+--------------+---------------+---------+
|  1 |            1 |             1 |       1 |
|  2 |            1 |             4 |       2 |
|  3 |            2 |            10 |       1 |
|  6 |            2 |             5 |       2 |
|  4 |            3 |             4 |       1 |
+----+--------------+---------------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)