Molto probabilmente le tue impostazioni NLS sono diverse tra il tuo strumento di query Oracle (sqlplus, toad...) e SSIS. Prova a fornire la tua data in modo esplicito, come to_date('2014-01-01','AAAA-MM-GG').
select distinct CHLD.id,
nvl(chld_c_spl, 'N'),
to_char(chld_d_start, 'YYYY-MM-DD') chld_d_start,
to_char(chld_d_end, 'YYYY-MM-DD') chld_d_end
from child chld,
picture ptct
where CHLD.id = PTCT.chld_id
and nvl(chld_d_end, sysdate) >= to_date('2014-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')
and chld_c_veri in ('HC','DR')
and nvl(ptct_term, ptct_end) >= to_date('2014-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')