puoi ottenere il risultato desiderato con una connessione tramite (e la funzione CONNECT_BY_ROOT che restituisce il valore della colonna del nodo radice):
SQL> WITH users AS (
2 SELECT 1 user_id, (null) PARENT FROM dual
3 UNION ALL SELECT 2, 1 FROM dual
4 UNION ALL SELECT 3, 1 FROM dual
5 UNION ALL SELECT 4, 3 FROM dual
6 ), permissions AS (
7 SELECT 'A' permission, 1 user_id FROM dual
8 UNION ALL SELECT 'B', 3 FROM dual
9 )
10 SELECT lpad('*', 2 * (LEVEL-1), '*')||u.user_id u,
11 u.user_id, connect_by_root(permission) permission
12 FROM users u
13 LEFT JOIN permissions p ON u.user_id = p.user_id
14 CONNECT BY u.PARENT = PRIOR u.user_id
15 START WITH p.permission IS NOT NULL
16 ORDER SIBLINGS BY user_id;
U USER_ID PERMISSION
--------- ------- ----------
3 3 B
**4 4 B
1 1 A
**2 2 A
**3 3 A
****4 4 A
