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27 script Oracle dba per Oracle Database for Administration and Monitoring

Spesso abbiamo bisogno di monitorare la sessione del database Oracle per motivi di prestazioni, verificare la presenza di blocchi, ottenere la posizione dei file di dati, ripetere i file, ottenere le informazioni su db_links. Ecco i principali script Oracle dba  per Oracle Database per scopi amministrativi e di monitoraggio

Script per trovare il sid della sessione con cui hai effettuato l'accesso 

select distinct(sid) from v$mystat;

Script per vedere tutte le sessioni attive 

select username,osuser,sid,serial#, program,sql_hash_value,module from v$session where username is not null
and status ='ACTIVE' and module is not null;

Script per vedere i camerieri 

set linesize 1000
column waiting_session heading ‘WAITING|SESSION’
column holding_session heading ‘HOLDING|SESSION’
column lock_type format a15
column mode_held format a15
column mode_requested format a15select
waiting_session,
holding_session,
lock_type,
mode_held,
mode_requested,
lock_id1,
lock_id2
from
dba_waiters
/

Script per la transazione attiva nel database 

col RBS format a15 trunc
col SID format 9999
col USER format a15 trunc
col COMMAND format a60 trunc
col status format a8 trunc
select r.name "RBS", s.sid, s.serial#, s.username "USER", t.status,
t.cr_get, t.phy_io, t.used_ublk, t.noundo,
substr(s.program, 1, 78) "COMMAND"
from v$session s, v$transaction t, v$rollname r
where t.addr = s.taddr
and t.xidusn = r.usn
order by t.cr_get, t.phy_io
/

Script per monitorare le query di lunga durata 

set linesize 1000
select
OPNAME,
sid,SOFAR/TOTALWORK*100,
to_char(start_time,'dd-mon-yy hh:mi') started,
elapsed_seconds/60,time_remaining/60
from
v$session_longops
where
sid =&sid

Script per vedere tutti gli oggetti di blocco 

set term on;
set lines 130;
column sid_ser format a12 heading 'session,|serial#';
column username format a12 heading 'os user/|db user';
column process format a9 heading 'os|process';
column spid format a7 heading 'trace|number';
column owner_object format a35 heading 'owner.object';
column locked_mode format a13 heading 'locked|mode';
column status format a8 heading 'status';
select
substr(to_char(l.session_id)||','||to_char(s.serial#),1,12) sid_ser,
substr(l.os_user_name||'/'||l.oracle_username,1,12) username,
l.process,
p.spid,
substr(o.owner||'.'||o.object_name,1,35) owner_object,
decode(l.locked_mode,
1,'No Lock',
2,'Row Share',
3,'Row Exclusive',
4,'Share',
5,'Share Row Excl',
6,'Exclusive',null) locked_mode,
substr(s.status,1,8) status
from
v$locked_object l,
all_objects o,
v$session s,
v$process p
where
l.object_id = o.object_id
and l.session_id = s.sid
and s.paddr = p.addr
and s.status != 'KILLED'
/

Script per visualizzare gli eventi di attesa 

set linesize 1000
column sid format 999
column username format a15 wrapped
column spid format a8
column event format a30 wrapped
column osuser format a12 wrapped
column machine format a25 wrapped
column program format a30 wrapped
select sw.sid sid
, p.spid spid
, s.username username
, s.osuser osuser
, sw.event event
, s.machine machine
, s.program program
from v$session_wait sw
, v$session s
, v$process p
where s.paddr = p.addr
and event not in ('pipe get','client message')
and sw.sid = s.sid
/

Script per visualizzare particolari attese di sessione 

select sid,seq#,wait_time,event,seconds_in_wait,state from v$session_wait where sid in (&sid);

Script per vedere tutti gli utenti che accedono a quegli oggetti 

column object format a30
column owner format a10
select * from v$access where object='&object_name'
/

Lo script fornisce informazioni sulle sessioni utente che bloccano un particolare oggetto 

set linesize 1000
column program format a15
column object format a15
select substr(username||'('|| se0.sid||')',1,5) "User Session",
substr(owner,1,5) "Object Owner",
substr(object,1,15) "Object",
se0.sid,
substr(serial#,1,6) "Serial#",
substr(program,1,15) "Program",
logon_time "Logon Time",
process "Unix Process"
from v$access ac, v$session se0
where ac.sid = se0.sid
and Object = '&PACKAGE'
order by logon_time,"Object Owner","Object"
/

Script per visualizzare il piano di spiegazione in Oracle per l'istruzione nella cache della libreria 

set linesize 9999
column QUERY format a999
set pages 250
set head off
set verify off
select id,lpad(' ',2*(depth-1)) || depth ||'.' || nvl(position,0) || ' '|| operation || ' '|| options || ' '|| object_name ||' '
||'cost= '|| to_char(cost)||' '|| optimizer "QUERY"
from v$sql_plan
where hash_value = &sql_hash_value
order by child_number,id
/

Script per trovare la posizione del server 

select nvl(username,'ORACLE SHADOW PROCESS'),
machine from
v$session where username is null
and rownum < 2
/

Script per visualizzare l'utilizzo del segmento di ordinamento superiore 

col sid format 999999
col spid format a6
col tablespace format a10
col username format a25
col noexts format 9999 head EXTS
col proginfo format a25 trunc
col mbused format 999,999.90
col status format a1 trunc
set verify off
select * from (
select s.sid,
s.status,
b.spid,
s.sql_hash_value sesshash,
u.SQLHASH sorthash,
s.username,
u.tablespace,
sum(u.blocks*p.value/1024/1024) mbused ,
sum(u.extents) noexts,
u.segtype,
s.module || ' - ' || s.program proginfo
from v$sort_usage u, v$session s, v$parameter p, v$process b
where u.session_addr = s.saddr
and p.name = 'db_block_size'
and b.addr = s.paddr
group by s.sid,s.status,b.spid,s.sql_hash_value,u.sqlhash,s.username,u.tablespace,
u.segtype,
s.module || ' - ' || s.program
order by 8 desc,4)
where rownum < 11;

Script per controllare l'ultima analisi per le tabelle nell'istruzione sql 

set lin 1000
set verify off
col owner format a15
col object_name format a25
col object_type format a12
col "LAST ANALYZED" format a13

 

select do.OWNER,do.OBJECT_NAME,OBJECT_TYPE,
decode (OBJECT_TYPE,'TABLE'  , (Select LAST_ANALYZED from dba_tables where owner=do.owner and TABLE_NAME=do.object_name)  ,'INDEX'  , (Select LAST_ANALYZED from dba_indexes where owner=do.owner and INDEX_NAME=do.object_name) ,'UNKNOWN') "LAST ANALYZED",STATUS
from   DBA_OBJECTS do
where  OBJECT_TYPE in ('TABLE','INDEX')
and    (OWNER,OBJECT_NAME) in (select OBJECT_OWNER,OBJECT_NAME from V$SQL_PLAN where HASH_VALUE=&1)
/

Per controllare i blocchi e il blocco della cache della libreria 

select /*+ all_rows */ w1.sid waiting_session,
h1.sid holding_session,
w.kgllktype lock_or_pin,
w.kgllkhdl address,
decode(h.kgllkmod, 0, 'None', 1, 'Null', 2, 'Share', 3, 'Exclusive',
'Unknown') mode_held,
decode(w.kgllkreq, 0, 'None', 1, 'Null', 2, 'Share', 3, 'Exclusive',
'Unknown') mode_requested
from dba_kgllock w, dba_kgllock h, v$session w1, v$session h1
where
(((h.kgllkmod != 0) and (h.kgllkmod != 1)
and ((h.kgllkreq = 0) or (h.kgllkreq = 1)))
and
(((w.kgllkmod = 0) or (w.kgllkmod= 1))
and ((w.kgllkreq != 0) and (w.kgllkreq != 1))))
and w.kgllktype = h.kgllktype
and w.kgllkhdl = h.kgllkhdl
and w.kgllkuse = w1.saddr
and h.kgllkuse = h1.saddr
/

Per controllare la posizione del file di controllo 

col name  format a60 heading "Control Files"
select name
from   sys.v_$controlfile
/

Per controllare la posizione del registro di ripristino 

col Grp format 9999
col member format a50 heading "Online REDO Logs"
col File# format 9999
col name format a50 heading "Online REDO Logs"
break on Grp
select group#,member
from sys.v_$logfile
/

Per controllare la posizione del file di dati 

col Tspace format a25
col status format a3 heading Sta
col Id format 9999
col Mbyte format 999999999
col name format a50 heading "Database Data Files"
col Reads format 99,999,999
col Writes format 99,999,999

break on report
compute sum label 'Total(MB)' of Mbyte on report

select F.file_id Id,
F.file_name name,
F.bytes/(1024*1024) Mbyte,
decode(F.status,'AVAILABLE','OK',F.status) status,
F.tablespace_name Tspace
from sys.dba_data_files F
order by tablespace_name;

Attivazione/disattivazione dell'estensione automatica per i tablespace: 

select substr(file_name,1,50), AUTOEXTENSIBLE from dba_data_files
(OR)
SQL> select tablespace_name,AUTOEXTENSIBLE from dba_data_files;

Come controllare i parametri di sottolineatura 

SELECT X.KSPPINM NAME, DECODE(BITAND(KSPPIFLG/256, 1), 1, 'TRUE', 'FALSE') SESMOD,
DECODE( BITAND(KSPPIFLG/65536, 3), 1, 'IMMEDIATE', 2, 'DEFERRED', 3, 'IMMEDIATE', 'FALSE' ) SYSMOD,
KSPPDESC DESCRIPTION
FROM SYS.X_$KSPPI X WHERE X.INST_ID = USERENV('INSTANCE') AND
TRANSLATE(KSPPINM,'_','#') LIKE '#%' ORDER BY 1 ;

Come mostrare i link DBA 

set linesize 128 pages 1000
col owner format a15
col db_link format a15
col username format a20
col host format a15
col name format a30
Prompt Database Links:
select owner, db_link, username, host from dba_db_links order by owner,db_link,username
/
Prompt Synonym Links:
select distinct owner, db_link from dba_synonyms where db_link is not null
/
Prompt Snapshot Links:
select owner, name, replace(master_link,'@','') db_link from dba_snapshots
where master_link is not null
/

Identificazione del segmento tramite DBA_extents utilizzando file-id e block 

SELECT segment_name, segment_type
FROM dba_extents
WHERE file_id = < file> AND
<block> BETWEEN block_id and block_id + blocks - 1;

Elenco dei lavori in esecuzione da DBMS_SCHEDULER 

SET HEADING ON
SET LINESIZE 300
SET PAGESIZE 60COLUMN owner FORMAT A20
SELECT owner,
job_name,
running_instance,
elapsed_time
FROM dba_scheduler_running_jobs
ORDER BY owner, job_name
/

Elenco delle informazioni DBMS_SCHEDULER JOB 

SET HEADING ON
SET LINESIZE 300
SET PAGESIZE 60
COLUMN owner FORMAT A20
COLUMN next_run_date FORMAT A35
SELECT owner,
job_name,
enabled,
job_class,
next_run_date
FROM dba_scheduler_jobs
ORDER BY owner, job_name
/

Come ottenere il piano storico per SQL_ID da AWR 

SET PAGESIZE 60
SET LINESIZE 300
SELECT * FROM TABLE(dbms_xplan.display_awr('&SQL_ID'))
/

Come eseguire l'analisi di attesa del database 

select event, state, count(*) from v$session_wait group by event, state order by 3 desc;

Come trovare High Buffer ottiene sql  

select * from (SELECT address, hash_value,
buffer_gets, executions, buffer_gets/executions "Gets/Exec",
sql_text
FROM v$sqlarea
WHERE buffer_gets > 500000 and executions>0
ORDER BY 3 desc) where rownum <20
;

Questo elenco di script Oracle dba per il database Oracle a scopo di monitoraggio non è completo. Ci sono molti altri script per il monitoraggio. Li presenterò nei post successivi

Legge anche
Hash Join in Oracle:dai un'occhiata a questo post per la descrizione dettagliata di Hash join in Oracle, come è diverso dal Nested Loop join in Oracle
Oracle Table locks:Oracle Enqueue , Row level &DDL, table locks, come funziona Oracle Locks, Query utili per scoprire i camerieri e i blocker in Oracle
v$active_session_history :Scopri la cronologia delle sessioni attive, come è configurata, come trovare il collo di bottiglia delle prestazioni usando ASH, generazione di report ASH, Query ASH
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Database