Penso che il join espresso nella clausola SELECT venga eseguito anche per le 100000 righe che non stai includendo nel set di dati finale.
Che ne dici di questo:
SELECT s2.user_id,
(SELECT address_id FROM address a WHERE a.user_id = s2.user_id ORDER BY address_id OFFSET 0 LIMIT 1) AS a_id
FROM (select *
from subscribers s
ORDER BY s.user_id
OFFSET 100000 LIMIT 200) s2
In caso contrario, prova un'espressione di tabella comune:
With s2 as (
select *
from subscribers s
ORDER BY s.user_id
OFFSET 100000 LIMIT 200)
SELECT s2.user_id,
(SELECT address_id FROM address a WHERE a.user_id = s2.user_id ORDER BY address_id OFFSET 0 LIMIT 1) AS a_id
FROM s2